I read in my new herbal that 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is the cause of sedation by hops. It's a metabolite of the bitter acids humulone and lupulone, reaching a maximum concentration after two years of storage. This was known in German literature since 1982:
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...007-971377
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...007-969903
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6611749
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6847343
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10...8/abstract
2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is formed in warm storage under air.
An antidepressant activity was found in 2005:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...410500365X
Xanthohumol binds to the GABA A receptors:
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...006-931609
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...410600345X
"Hop extracts prepared with polar solvents are free from 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol":
http://www.google.nl/patents?hl=nl&lr=&vid=USPATAPP10749626&id=yzmVAAAAEBAJ&oi=fnd&dq=hops+OR+humulon+OR+lupulone+%222+methyl+3+buten+2+ol%22&printsec=abstract#v=onepage&q=hops%20OR%20humulon%20OR%20lupulone%20%222%20methyl%203%20buten%202%20ol%22&f=false
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2005/0031572.html
while hops oil also has the sedative effect:
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...29-1222464
These findings suggest that a hydroalcoholic extract may be less sedative.
Fresh hops is richer in phyto-estrogens, two year old hops is more sedative. The sedative effect starts after 2 minutes, and is over in two hours:
http://books.google.nl/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=fDVGDGaaErAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA279&dq=hops+OR+humulon+OR+lupulone+%222+methyl+3+buten+2+ol%22&ots=szJ56SjDXW&sig=ZNR-ffVffA5LBlisP_p9setDxMk#v=onepage&q=hops%20OR%20humulon%20OR%20lupulone%20%222%20methyl%203%20buten%202%20ol%22&f=false
If this link doesn't open directly, search p. 282 of the book "Herbal medicinals: a clinician's guide" by Lucinda G. Miller,Wallace J. Murray.
I buy dried hops flowers from Jacob Hooy in Amsterdam. They also wholesale 250 g bags of powdered dried hops:
http://www.accense.nl/hop-gemalen-jacob-...anguage=en
It's lower priced, and because it was sealed in the bag after drying, it may be less sedative and more estrogenic
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...007-971377
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...007-969903
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6611749
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6847343
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10...8/abstract
2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is formed in warm storage under air.
An antidepressant activity was found in 2005:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...410500365X
Xanthohumol binds to the GABA A receptors:
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...006-931609
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art...410600345X
"Hop extracts prepared with polar solvents are free from 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol":
http://www.google.nl/patents?hl=nl&lr=&vid=USPATAPP10749626&id=yzmVAAAAEBAJ&oi=fnd&dq=hops+OR+humulon+OR+lupulone+%222+methyl+3+buten+2+ol%22&printsec=abstract#v=onepage&q=hops%20OR%20humulon%20OR%20lupulone%20%222%20methyl%203%20buten%202%20ol%22&f=false
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2005/0031572.html
while hops oil also has the sedative effect:
https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals...29-1222464
These findings suggest that a hydroalcoholic extract may be less sedative.
Fresh hops is richer in phyto-estrogens, two year old hops is more sedative. The sedative effect starts after 2 minutes, and is over in two hours:
http://books.google.nl/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=fDVGDGaaErAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA279&dq=hops+OR+humulon+OR+lupulone+%222+methyl+3+buten+2+ol%22&ots=szJ56SjDXW&sig=ZNR-ffVffA5LBlisP_p9setDxMk#v=onepage&q=hops%20OR%20humulon%20OR%20lupulone%20%222%20methyl%203%20buten%202%20ol%22&f=false
If this link doesn't open directly, search p. 282 of the book "Herbal medicinals: a clinician's guide" by Lucinda G. Miller,Wallace J. Murray.
I buy dried hops flowers from Jacob Hooy in Amsterdam. They also wholesale 250 g bags of powdered dried hops:
http://www.accense.nl/hop-gemalen-jacob-...anguage=en
It's lower priced, and because it was sealed in the bag after drying, it may be less sedative and more estrogenic