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INFO-Chastburry/ Agnus castus/Vitex

#1

INFO-Chastburry/ Agnus castus/Vitex
March 5 2007 at 7:04 PM gingerD (Login gingerD)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_agnus-castus
is widely cultivated in warm temperate and subtropical regions for its aromatic foliage and flowers. It grows to a height between 1-5 metres. It requires full sun or partial shade along with well-drained soil.
It is sometimes used for the treatment of PMS. It is believed to be an anaphrodisiac, hence the name "chaste tree", and is used as a medicinal plant by many herbalists. The parts used include the chaste tree's leaves, flowers, and berries. The berries are considered a tonic herb for both the male and female reproductive systems. The leaves have the same effect, but to a somewhat lesser degree. It is used in some supplements for male bodybuilders as a secondary component, as some studies suggested that it may decrease the prolactin levels, which, in turn, increases LH (luteinizing hormone)and testosterone levels. It has been assumed to not have the same effect on the female hormonal balance, but recent studies contradict this.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_agnus-castus



http://www.planetbotanic.ca/fact_sheets/chasteberry.htm
Scientific Name: Vitex agnus-castus
Native to: Mediterranean Region
Part Used: Seed
In a Word: Female Hormone Regulator
Uses: Menstrual irregularities, hormonal imbalance, and PMS

In any event, PMS is a hormonal problem, and the only way to improve the situation is to balance the hormones. The Western medical community seems to agree, slapping women with PMS on the birth-control pill as a last-ditch effort to achieve this hormonal balance. This works, but not without side effects – an increased risk of cancer, infertility, and heart disease to mention a few.

The beauty of our next plant is that instead of adding hormones to the body, it encourages the body to achieve its own natural hormonal balance. Going back to our roller-coaster analogy, taking hormone pills is like loading the individual cars with cement bags to slow the ride down. When you take chasteberry, it is like getting the guy with his hand on the accelerator to turn it to a lower setting.

The chasteberry tree is a Mediterranean native, a small deciduous shrub producing lovely, gray, down-covered leaves. The plant blooms lavishly in early summer and produces a bounty of seeds in early fall. The seeds are blackish and look somewhat like peppercorns. In fact, they even have a peppery scent. Apparently Athenian women strewed them about their rooms during the sacred rites to Ceres as a symbol of chastity. The plant gets its name from this association with chaste living, and people trapped in temple life are said to have used chasteberry to subdue their raging hormones.

Most of the commentary we have today on chasteberry’s use in the past comes to us from European sources. Our friend Gerard writing in the 16th century had something to say on the matter:

Agnus castus is a singular medicine and remedie for such as would willingly live chaste, for it withstandeth all uncleannesse, or desire to the flesh, consuming and drying up the seed of generation, in what fort forever it be taken, whether in pouder onely, or the dection frunke or whether the leaves be carried about the body, for which cause it was called castus, that is to say, chaste, cleane, and pure.

Though it is somewhat doubtful that chasteberry would remove a woman’s desire to have sex, if a man took the herb, we could be talking about another story. Chasteberry is considered to be highly estrogenic, and the addition of this hormone would be antagonistic to the hormone causing male randiness. It wouldn’t be nice to put your husband on it as an experiment. Women need not be concerned, but men should steer clear of it. Gerard goes on to say:

The decoction of the here and seen is good against pain an inflammations about the matrix, if women be caused to sit and bath their privy parts therein; the seed drunke with pennyroyal bringeth down the menses, as it doth also doth in a fume, and in a pessiary, in a pultis is cuerth the headache, the phrenticke, and those that have the lethargie are woont to be bathed herewith, oile and vinegar being added thereto.

His comments that chasteberry is good for headaches, frantic feelings, or lethargy should be of interest to the PMS sufferer as all are common symptoms of the disorder. While modern herbalists have not concluded that chasteberry does much to the female libido, it has been found to be very effective in leveling out the mood swings that sometimes attend the monthly cycle.

This herb’s power is said to be due to its ability to regulate the action of the pituitary gland. By normalizing the hormones that are produced in the pituitary gland, it effectively treats all sorts of menstrual problems. Irregular menstruation, painful menstruation, premenstrual tension (PMS), menopause, and irregularities resulting from coming off the birth-control pill are all sorted out with the use of chasteberry. It has been proven that chasteberry has the ability to balance the estrogen-progesterone levels necessary for what might be called average menstruation.

It also has been proven that women who suffer from PMS experience some sense of relief within a few weeks and a definite improvement within the second menstrual cycle after starting on the herb. Herbalists have found that the improvement is best felt after six months on the herb. Chasteberry is perfectly safe and has no recorded side effects, so there is no problem with being on the herb over a long period of time. Though you will notice some improvement straightaway, it takes time before you will feel chasteberry’s ultimate impact. Like a number of other herbal medicines, it doesn’t act immediately, but it acts substantially, and there is a difference.

The part we use medicinally is the ripe seeds or berries, which the plant produces in copious quantities. They contain iridoid glycosides including aucbin and agnoside, flavonoids including casticin, isovitixin, orientin, and essential oil. The essential oil is so abundant that the seeds are quite aromatic. If you ever have the chance to harvest the seed you will find that your hands carry the characteristic smell for sometime.

Practitioners’ Advice

When hormone imbalance is wrecking havoc with your life, be it in the form of mood swings, acne, or irregular periods, Chasteberry is the first herbal port of call. Practitioners agree that most cases of hormone irregularity are cleared up with its use. It works and it works well.

Practically speaking, it has to be used for three cycles for it to show its effect. That means one has to be willing to use it for three months before seeing a notable change. It’s a long time to persevere without having any encouragement, but women who stick with Chasteberry swear by it. So do those that live around them! Fortunately, very small doses are effective. One only has to take 40 drops each morning to experience its balancing action. It must be said that regularity is the issue here. It must be taken each morning the way one takes the birth control pill. There really is no need to suffer from the effects of erratic hormone function when Chasteberry is so readily available.
http://www.planetbotanic.ca/fact_sheets/chasteberry.htm



http://www.ovarian-cysts-pcos.com/vitex.html
Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree berry) is a well-known herb that has been used for centuries in Europe for hormonal imbalances in women.

It may be helpful for women with PCOS who do not have a normal menstrual cycle and thus don't ovulate or menstruate. A large percentage of these menstrual problems are related to insufficient progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which is called a luteal phase defect or corpus luteum insufficiency. A corpus luteum insufficiency is defined as an abnormally low progesterone level 3 weeks after the onset of menstruation. Insufficient levels of progesterone may result in the formation of ovarian cysts.

In addition, some PCOS women have too much prolactin, which can inhibit fertility. Vitex may help with both of these problems
How does Vitex Work?

Chaste tree berry acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) production and mildly inhibiting the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The result is a shift in the ratio of estrogen to progesterone, in favor of progesterone. The ability of chaste tree berry to raise progesterone levels in the body is an indirect effect, so the herb itself is not a hormone.

Lack of menstruation (amenorrhea) that is caused by a lack of ovulation, and therefore a lack of progesterone production, should result in menses when progesterone is taken. Progesterone-induced menses indicates an intact reproductive system that just isn't going through its cycle.

It suggests that the body is producing enough FSH to stimulate the ovaries, and that the ovaries can develop follicles. It also indicates that follicular production of estrogen is sufficient to cause the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to grow and that the sloughed endometrium is able to pass through the cervical opening and the vagina. Therefore it's possible that the problem is a dysfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary glands. The ability of chaste tree to modulate the hypothalamus or pituitary then makes this herb a good candidate for treating amenorrhea (infertility). For a further discussion of this topic, we refer you to Dr. Tori Hudson's Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine

High levels of the hormone prolactin are commonly found with corpus luteum insufficiency. Vitex is useful for reducing high prolactin levels. It inhibits prolactin release by the pituitary gland, especially when you are under stress.
The Evidence for Vitex Agnus Castus

Here are some vitex studies relating to the use of the chasteberry:

Vitex and Fertility. In this study, a chasteberry preparation was used in a study of 3,162 women to assess the effectiveness of vitex for corpus luteum insufficiency. 77.4% had menstrual cycle disturbances of various types and the others suffered from a range of gynecological problems which included symptoms of corpus luteum insufficiency. The average length of treatment was 5 months. Hormone cytology and symptoms were used to assess the treatment.

The women reported the treatment as completely effective (33%), significant improvement (55%), and no change (7%). Their doctors reported very good results in 68% of cases, adequate in 22%, and no change in 7%. (1)

In another study, 20 women with secondary amenorrhea took a chasteberry extract for 6 months. Lab testing was done to measure progesterone, FSH, and LH, and pap smears were done at the beginning of the study, at 3 months, and at 6 months. At the end of the study, the researchers were able to evaluate 15 of the women. Ten out of the 15 women had a return of their menstrual cycles. Testing showed that values for progesterone and LH increased, and FSH values either did not change or decreased slightly.(2)

In a third study, 18 women with abnormally low progesterone levels were given vitex daily. After 3 months of treatment, 13 showed increases in progesterone and 2 became pregnant.(3)

Vitex and hyperprolactinemia. In this study, 52 women with luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels) were given either vitex or a placebo. Prolactin levels were normalized after 3 months in the treatment group and deficits in luteal progesterone production were eliminated. Two of the women became pregnant.(4)

In another study, 13 women with high prolactin levels and irregular cycles were given a vitex compound. Their prolactin levels fell, and a normal menstrual cycles returned to all of the women.(5)

Vitex and acne. In this study, a chasteberry preparation was used in women with menstrual cycle abnormalities. Acne was either eliminated or improved during treatment.(6)

In another study, 117 women with four different types of acne were treated with a chasteberry preparation for 1-2 years. Improvement was seen after 6 weeks and by 3 months, about 70% were free of acne. Some treatment relapses were observed after 3-6 weeks.(7)

Taking Vitex

When using chaste tree berry, don’t expect immediate results. It may not have much effect until it is taken for at least 3-6 months.

It’s not the same as taking progesterone. You don’t give it, stop it, and then expect a withdrawal bleed a few days later as you would if you were taking progesterone or synthetic progestins.
Vitex Risks & Side Effects

Vitex agnus castus is exceptionally safe. In one study, chaste tree berry was given up to 9 years with very few side effects.

It's advisable to not take vitex if you are pregnant.

Drug Interactions

Interactions with hormone replacement therapy (potential/theoretical). Animal studies and human data have reported that chasteberry constituents have hormonal activity that may alter the effects of these medications and possibly the dose needed for treatment. conjugated estrogens, estradiol, estrone, esterified estrogens, estropipate, ethinyl estradiol, progesterone, medroxyprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone, norethindrone.

Interactions with oral contraceptives (potential/theoretical). Animal studies and human data have reported that chasteberry constituents have hormonal activity that may alter the effects of these medications and possibly the dose needed for treatment: norethindrone, ethynodiol diacetate, norgestrel, norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol, drospirenone, desogestrel, levonorgestrel .

Interactions with dopamine agonists (potential/theoretical). An in-vitro study reported that chasteberry constituents had dopaminergic activity that may alter the effects of these medications and possibly the dose needed for treatment: selegeline, amantadine, carbidopa, levadopa, pramipexole, ropinirole, bromocriptine, pergolide. If you are taking any of these medication, it's a good idea to consult with your physician before taking vitex.

Top

How Much Should You Take?

Every women is unique, so the amount and form of vitex you need won't be the same as for someone else.

We recommend you seek guidance from a licensed naturopathic physician, who would have extensive knowledge of herbs and botanical medicines. Or, consult with Dr. Nancy Dunne, who is a naturopathic physician specializing in the treatment of PCOS.

As a general guideline, your daily dose could be:

* 60 drops of vitex tincture, standardized to contain 0.6% agusides.
* 175 mg. or more of standardized vitex extract, standardized to contain 0.6% agusides.

Chasteberry can be taken daily for up to 18 continuous months, unless pregnancy occurs. Vitex is usually taken in the morning as a single daily dose.
http://www.ovarian-cysts-pcos.com/vitex.html



http://nccam.nih.gov/health/chasteberry/
What the Science Says
* A few studies of chasteberry for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have found a benefit. However, most of these studies were not well designed, so firm conclusions about chasteberry for PMS cannot be drawn.
* Small studies suggest that chasteberry may help with breast pain and some types of infertility, but there is not enough reliable scientific evidence to determine whether chasteberry has any effect on these conditions.
* NCCAM is funding studies on chasteberry. Recent projects have explored how chasteberry works in the body and how it might affect symptoms of PMS.
http://nccam.nih.gov/health/chasteberry/


HOPE THIS LOT HELPS PLEASE ADD IF YOU CAN FIND MORE INFO
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#2

CHASTEBERRY
March 9 2006 at 11:40 PM
Sunset (Login liquidSunset)
EVE MEMBERS

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Part used:the ripe, dried fruit.

*stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more Lueteinizing hormone.
This leads to greater production of progesterone during the 2nd half of a womans cycle. It also reduces high levels of prolactin in the 2nd half of a womans cycle.

SIDE EFFECTS
Side effects are rare. Minor gas pains and a mild skin rash with some iching has been reported in less than 2% of women monitored while taking it.

SAFETY ISSUES
NOT recommended for use while pregnant.
Not to be taken with hormone therapy.



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Sunset
(Login liquidSunset)
EVE MEMBERS Re: CHASTEBERRY March 10 2006, 6:03 PM


CHASTEBERRY
TRADITIONAL USAGES
Chasteberry has been used since anctient times as a female remedy.
One of it's properties was known to reduce sexual desire,and it is recorded that Roman wives whose husbands were abroad with the legions spread the aromatic leaves on their couches for this purpose. It became known as the chasteberry tree.

During the Middle Ages, Chasteberry's supposed effect on sexual desire led to it becoming a food spice at monasteries, where it was called "Monk's pepper" or "Cloister pepper."

In tradition, it was also known as an important European remedy for controlling and regulating the female reproductive system. Long used to regularize monthy periods and treat amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, it also helped ease menopausal problems and aided the birth process.
The fruit's peppermint-like odor comes from volatile oils.

RECENT SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS
Chasteberry has not been significantly investigated for its therapeutic effects. However, preliminary investigations do indeed show the presence of compounds which are able to adjust the production of female hormones. It is thought to contain a progesterone-like compound and is now thought to be useful in the following conditions:Amenorrhea,Dysmenorrhea,PMS,Endometriosis.
The chemical constituents are the monoterpens agnuside,eurostoside,and aucubin. Chasteberry also contains the flavonoids casticin,chryso-splenol and vitexin. While it is not known which constituent is responsible for its beneficial effects,it has been shown in laboratory animals in German experiments that extacts of Angus Castus can stimulate the release of Leutenizing hormone (LH) and inhibit the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). An early German study with laboratory animals found that extracts of Chasteberry can stimulate the release of (LH) and inhibit tje release of (FSH). This hormonal effect has been confirmed in another laboratory report which suggests that the volatile oil has a progesterone-like effect.

Employing an aqueous extract from the fruit,Agnolyt, a 1979 study reported good results on premenstrual water retention. Another study of Agnolyt discovered that women were able to sustain a good level of milk production for breast feeding.While it took some time for the drug to take effect, the women were able to continue use of the drug for months without harmful side effects.
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#3

Vitex Agnus Castus
November 14 2006 at 6:28 PM Helen (Login Helen_N)
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Re: Agnus Castus, November 1 2006, 2:49 PM
by faerycat (Login faerycat)


Herbal medicines are now readily available not just from medical herbalists but from health food stores, high street chemists and even from supermarkets. Certain herbs have been adopted by the media, and articles on their uses, both real and imaginary abound. One such herb is Vitex agnus castus. This herb is probably one of the most important herbs used by Medical Herbalists to treat female hormonal disorders and is considered to be a hormonal modulator.1
The species name Agnus castus originates from the Greek agnos castus, meaning chaste, as the Greeks thought the plant calmed sexual passion. Its common name of caste berry and monks pepper also gives some indication of its historical usage.

Historical usage
Vitex agnus castus consists of the dried ripe fruits of a densely branched shrub that is indigenous to the Mediterranean and Central Asia. The commercial crops mainly come from Albania and Morocco. The plant blooms in the height of the summer and after pollination develops dark reddish brown to black fruits about the size of a pepper corn. It is this dried fruit that is used in medicine today.
Vitex agnus castus has been used in medicine for centuries, one of the first specific records of its medical use is by Hippocrates in the 4th Century BC. Both Hippocrates and later Dioscorides in his De Materia Medica written in AD 77 talk about using Vitex as a sitz bath for diseases of the uterus. Throughout the Middle Ages medical writers in Europe simply recopied the ancient Greek and Roman sources, and Vitex was used to treat female disorders. Gerard, one of the great Renaissance herbalists, gathered information about herbs from both Greek and Roman sources as well as from folk and professional Herbalists at the time. He and other writers on Herbal Medicine such as Turner, Dodoens and Parkinson recommend Vitex for inflammation of the uterus and as an emmenagogue.
After the early 1700s Vitex fell out of popularity in England where it wasn’t rediscovered until it gathered new interest as a herb for female reproductive imbalances in the mid 1900s. The modern interest in Vitex began in Germany, where in 1930 Dr Gerhard Madaus conducted some of the first scientific research on the plant’s effects on the female hormonal system. Madaus developed a patent medicine from an extract of dried Vitex fruits. This medicine trademarked as Agnolyt has subsequently been used in almost all scientific studies on Vitex.
The fruits were found to have 1.3–1.64% yield of essential oil, 22% sabinene, 20% 1.8 cineole, 6% alpha-pinene. The essential oil has an antibacterial activity.2 The fruits also contain flavonoids and iridoid glycosides. The iridoid glycosides have recently been quantified and consists of 0.3% acubin, 0.6% agnoside and 0.07% eurostoside.3 No individual constituent of Vitex has been shown to have an intrinsic hormonal activity, and the chemical composition responsible for its action has not yet been isolated.

Scientific studies
One of the most cited studies of the pharmacological effects of Vitex was carried out by Haller at the University of Gottingen in the early 1960s. Female Guinea pigs were given Vitex tincture orally at normal to high dose for 90 days.3 At the end of this time the animals were examined for any changes in organ structure or weight. It was concluded that at normal doses Vitex clearly demonstrated a decrease of oestrogen effects and an increase of progesterone effects. This effect was mediated through the pituitary gland: Follicle Stimulating Hormone secretion was decreased and Lutenizing Hormone and Prolactin secretion were increased. Consistent with this hypothesis, corpus luteal development and glandular proliferation in breast tissue were enhanced and follicular development and uterine weight were slightly decreased.

Indications for use of Vitex
Vitex has been traditionally used to treat a number of differing medical problems, but with particular emphasis on menstrual disorders and related hormonal problems. These are all situations that indicated corpus luteum insufficiency, and sub optimal ovarian function. This is usually defined as abnormal low progesterone levels three weeks after the onset of menstruation (serum progesterone below 10–12 ng/ml). This state is normal during puberty and at menopause, but it is considered abnormal when occurring in women between ages 20 to 40 years. This includes pre-menstrual syndrome, polymenorrhea, an ovulatory cycle, secondary amenorrhoea, infertility and hyperprolactinemia.

Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)
In clinical practice it is one of the most frequently discussed menstrual problems, either in isolation or in conjunction with other related problems. It has been estimated that 30 to 40% of menstruating women are affected by pre-menstrual syndrome. Even after menopause women can complain of cyclic mood swings that on investigation are shown to mirror their previous menstrual cycle.
There have been two large surveys done in Germany to study the effect of Vitex on 1542 women diagnosed as suffering from PMS.4 Theses patients were treated for both corpus luteum insufficiency and uterine fibroids. The trial lasted for 166 days using Vitex fluid extract Agnolyt. The treatment was assessed by both patient and practitioner and in 90% of cases symptoms were completely relieved. Physical symptoms such as headaches, sore breasts, bloating and fatigue and psychological changes such as increased appetite, sweet cravings, nervousness/ restlessness, anxiety, depression, mood swings and lack of concentration were all reduced. It was noted that improvement in symptoms began on average after 25.5days.
A controlled clinical trial in England found a significant improvement in all types of PMS except PMS-C, which is characterised by headaches, sweet cravings, palpitations and dizziness.5 My own clinical experience over the past eight years leads me to believe that this is correct and I would suggest that to treat the symptoms of PMS-C the prescription should include other herbs as well as Vitex. Dietary therapy is also important in preventing incidences of low blood sugar that can trigger PMS-C symptoms. The surveys carried out in Germany make no mention of what other advice was or was not given to the patient.

Abnormal menstrual cycle
One of the first major clinical studies on Vitex was by Probst and Roth in 1954.6 Fifty seven women suffering from a variety of menstrual disorders were given Vitex on a daily basis. Fifty patients developed a cycle in Phase with menses, while seven women did not respond. Of these fifty women six with secondary amenorrhoea demonstrated one or more cyclic menstruation. Of the nine patients with scant or infrequent menstrual flow, six found that they had a shortening of the menstrual interval and an increase bleeding. Most significant was the result experienced by 40 patients suffering from cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium who all developed an improvement in menstrual regularity. This disorder is due to relative progesterone deficiency and mainly manifests as dysfunctional menstrual bleeding. No side effects of Vitex were observed.

Vitex and Breast feeding
Traditionally Vitex has been used to promote breast milk flow. Pliny the Greek natural historian (AD 23–79) spoke of using the plant to promote menstruation, to purge the uterus and to promote the flow of milk in new mothers. In the early 1950s several researchers used the Agnolyt preparation to confirm this age old belief. In study it was shown that of 100 nursing mothers, those that used Vitex rather than a placebo had increased milk flow and ease of milk release.4 This confirmed the findings of an earlier trial on lactating women with poor milk production, who when treated with Vitex were found to effectively increase milk production. Vitex took several weeks to show results, but was then used effectively for several months. No problems have been reported with the safety of Vitex for breast fed infants.

Vitex and Infertility
Literature produced by Mediherb7 combines the data from two trials on the influence of Vitex on the corpus luteum. Vitex was used by 45 infertile women between the ages of 23 and 39. The women were considered capable of reproduction and had normal prolactinaemia but showed pathologically low serum levels at day 20 of the menstrual cycle. After three months Vitex treatment was considered successful in 39 of the 45 women. Seven women became pregnant, 25 had normal serum progesterone levels at day 20 and another 7 tended toward normal. This generally coincides with a lengthening of the luteal phase and a positive change in the LHRH test dynamic. The findings indicate an enhancement of corpus luteal function.

Vitex and hyperprolactinemia
The modulating effect of Vitex on Prolactin was confirmed in a double blind placebo trial examining the effect of a proprietary Vitex preparation on 52 women. The daily doses of Vitex extract was 20mg and the study lasted for three months. Hormonal analysis was performed on day 5–8 and day 20 of the cycle both before and after three months of the therapy. Prolactin release was significantly reduced in the Vitex group. Shortened luteal phases and deficits in progesterone production were normalised. No side effects were noted.4

Vitex and menopause
Dr Madaus own therapeutic manual on the Agnolyt suggests that it can be used to treat menopausal symptoms. Within my own practice I have found Vitex useful in treating peri menopausal and menopausal symptoms, in particular hot flushes, and menstrual irregularities such as flooding, clotting and irregular cycle. Post menopausal women who still feel cyclic mood swings can also benefit. In some cases if large doses of Vitex are given women, who are experiencing menopausal depression may find that their symptoms get worse. This effect is reversed when the dose is reduced.

Vitex preparations
A standardised fluid extract of Vitex agnus castus 1:1 45% at a dose of 2 to 4 ml per day or a tincture 1:3 45% at a doses of 6 to 12 mls per day are the usual preparations given by a practitioner. Tablets of 280mg Vitex extract taken at a dose of two tablets in the morning. It is usually recommended by Medical Herbalists that Vitex be taken as a single daily dose first thing in the morning.
It is important to note that Vitex is not a fast acting medication and needs to be taken consistently for some time. The average length of treatment is six months. Patients should be guided by Medical Herbalists who are members of either the National Institute of Medical Herbalists or the Collage of Practitioners of Phytotherapy.




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Helen
(Login Helen_N)
EVE MEMBERS Re: Vitex Agnus Castus November 14 2006, 6:31 PM


Re: Some info on Agnus Castus, November 1 2006, 3:03 PM

By gingerD (Login gingerD)


For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak

There are no clinical data to support the use of chasteberry for reducing sexual desire, which has been a traditional application.

Chasteberry's therapeutic effects are attributed to its indirect effects on various hormones, especially prolactin and progesterone

Chasteberry may be effective in patients with cyclical breast discomfort.

Theories:
# Alleviates premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
# Stabilizes menstrual abnormalities
# Eases menopausal symptoms
# Helps restore fertility in women
# Serves as a acne treatment

Vitex is sometimes used after discontinuing use of birth control pills to restore normal ovulation

Vitex is not only considered to be a safe supplement, but it is also relatively inexpensive. Most important though, a variety of well-controlled studies have been performed using human subjects and many of them support the usefulness of this supplement.

Contraindications: not recommended during pregnancy. Avoid if taking progesterone drugs.

other names:Abraham's Balm, Chaste Lamb-Tree, Safe Tree, and Monk's Pepper-Tree. It has also been called Indian-Spice, and Wild-Pepper,

More info sorces:
www.stevenfoster.com/education/monograph/vitex.html
www.bbc.co.uk/health/healthy_living/complementary_medicine/remedies_herbs.shtml
www.aafp.org/afp/20050901/821.html
www.supplementwatch.com/suplib/supplement.asp?DocId=1305




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Helen
(Login Helen_N)
EVE MEMBERS Re: Vitex Agnus Castus November 14 2006, 6:33 PM


Re: Agnus Castus, November 2 2006, 9:13 AM
By Anonymous (no login)

Copied directly: from http://www.pms.org.uk/About+PMS/News/Onc...April+2006

Does Agnus Castus interact with contraception pill?

Agnus CastusNAPS Expert Panel recently received an enquiry regarding the use of Agnus Castus and risks of any interaction if used at the same time as Marvelon, oral contraceptive pill.
Following research by NAPS research GP Dr Carrie Sadler and Lichtwer, the company which supplies Agnus Castus, there seems to be no evidence to suggest that Agnus Castus interferes in any way with the actions of other medicines.

Agnus castus is a herbal medicine which can be used for menstrual problems. It contains no oestrogen-like compounds, but seems to work by affecting the release of specific hormones from the pituitary gland in the brain.

Lichtwer looked specifically for information about any possible interaction between Agnus Castus and the hormones used in oral contraceptives but found no information in any of the standard reference books to indicate any interaction with the contraceptive pill. These books included Herbal Medicines by Barnes, Anderson and Phillipson, Martindale: The complete drug reference from the Pharmaceutical Press, ESCOP Monographs by the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, as well as a literature search using PubMed, a data-base service operated by the US National Library of Medicine and the US National Institutes of Health. In 47 publications relating to Agnus Castus, the company found "no information that any interaction has ever been reported after using Agnus Castus. It thus seems highly unlikely that there will be any interaction between Agnus Castus and the oral contraceptive pill," Lichtwer commented. Dr Carrie Sadler agrees. "There is no evidence that Agnus Castus affects the contraceptive efficacy of the pill."

Lichtwer did question whether it was necessary to take Agnus Castus if already on the pill as both products address similar menstrual problems.

So, it does NOT appear to negate the effects at all.


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Sunset
(no login) Re: Vitex Agnus Castus December 11 2006, 8:49 AM


Part used:the ripe, dried fruit.

*stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more Lueteinizing hormone.
This leads to greater production of progesterone during the 2nd half of a womans cycle. It also reduces high levels of prolactin in the 2nd half of a womans cycle.

SIDE EFFECTS
Side effects are rare. Minor gas pains and a mild skin rash with some iching has been reported in less than 2% of women monitored while taking it.

SAFETY ISSUES
NOT recommended for use while pregnant.
Not to be taken with hormone therapy.


Edit Message Delete Message

Sunset
(no login) Re: Vitex Agnus Castus December 11 2006, 8:50 AM


CHASTEBERRY TRADITIONAL USAGES
Chasteberry has been used since anctient times as a female remedy.
One of it's properties was known to reduce sexual desire,and it is recorded that Roman wives whose husbands were abroad with the legions spread the aromatic leaves on their couches for this purpose. It became known as the chasteberry tree.

During the Middle Ages, Chasteberry's supposed effect on sexual desire led to it becoming a food spice at monasteries, where it was called "Monk's pepper" or "Cloister pepper."

In tradition, it was also known as an important European remedy for controlling and regulating the female reproductive system. Long used to regularize monthy periods and treat amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, it also helped ease menopausal problems and aided the birth process.
The fruit's peppermint-like odor comes from volatile oils.

RECENT SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS
Chasteberry has not been significantly investigated for its therapeutic effects. However, preliminary investigations do indeed show the presence of compounds which are able to adjust the production of female hormones. It is thought to contain a progesterone-like compound and is now thought to be useful in the following conditions:Amenorrhea,Dysmenorrhea,PMS,Endometriosis.
The chemical constituents are the monoterpens agnuside,eurostoside,and aucubin. Chasteberry also contains the flavonoids casticin,chryso-splenol and vitexin. While it is not known which constituent is responsible for its beneficial effects,it has been shown in laboratory animals in German experiments that extacts of Angus Castus can stimulate the release of Leutenizing hormone (LH) and inhibit the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). An early German study with laboratory animals found that extracts of Chasteberry can stimulate the release of (LH) and inhibit tje release of (FSH). This hormonal effect has been confirmed in another laboratory report which suggests that the volatile oil has a progesterone-like effect.

Employing an aqueous extract from the fruit,Agnolyt, a 1979 study reported good results on premenstrual water retention. Another study of Agnolyt discovered that women were able to sustain a good level of milk production for breast feeding.While it took some time for the drug to take effect, the women were able to continue use of the drug for months without harmful side effects.


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waxingmoon
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SENIOR MEMBER Some more good vitex info December 31 2006, 4:11 AM


Vitex monograph - Female cycle emphasis


Name and History
Vitex agnus castus L. is also known as chasteberry, chaste tree, vitex or monk's pepper. The names are derived from the fact that in medieval times monks used it as a cooking spice for its taste and, it is said, for its abilities to suppress libido. It has a long recorded history of medicinal use, being mentioned by Hippocrates in the 4th century BC and both Pliny and Dioscorides in the 1st century A.D.

Vitex the medicine
The portion used for medicinal purposes is the dried ripe fruits (peppers) of the plant. Foremost among its constituents are flavonoid components like vitexin, orientin, and the abundant casticin; terpene compounds like the often measured agnuside and aucubin; and volatile oils. Tinctures, powders and dried extracts are most often how vitex is delivered.

Endocrine Function
In the 1950's it was discovered that extracts of vitex were able to increase the size of the corpus luteum in animal models, although not as a result of direct hormone-like activity (32). Years later, two major endocrine modulations have been confirmed with extracts of vitex: 1) a decrease in prolactin levels and 2) an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH). The decrease in prolactin secretion has been confirmed in animal models (33) and was postulated to work by stimulating dopamine receptors on the pituitary. These findings were confirmed when in vitro experiments concluded that vitex extracts contained active principals that bind directly to dopamine D2 receptors, which mediate the inhibition of prolactin secretion from the pituitary (34,35).

Clinical Use of Vitex
The clinical use of vitex includes the same list of conditions that can be attributed to hyperprolactemia: cyclic mastagia, PMS, abnormal cyclic ovarian function, amenorrhea, luteal phase deficiency, and infertility.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study; women with latent hyperprolactinemia received either a vitex extract or placebo for 3 months. These women were characterized before the study as having shortened luteal phases, low luteal progesterone levels, and high levels of clinically stimulated prolactin (used to define latent hyperprolactinemia). After the three-month study, the vitex group had significantly reduced prolactin compared to placebo, normalized mid- luteal progesterone levels and their luteal phase lengthened by 5 days. In addition, women in the vitex group with previous PMS symptoms showed a significant reduction in those symptoms (36). A similar but smaller study of 13 women with hyperprolactinemia and cyclic disorders were treated with vitex. In every patient, prolactin levels were reduced, some to normal ranges, and the menstrual cycle normalized (37).

Infertility
While pregnancy may be recorded as an outcome of other clinical trials using vitex, several studies have looked directly at using vitex to treat infertility. In 1987, an open non-controlled study was done with a group of 18 infertile women of childbearing age with normal prolactin levels and normal thyroid function (38). All had abnormally low levels of progesterone in the mid-luteal phase (day 20). After only 3 months, progesterone levels rose in 11 of 18 patients, 7 of which returned to normal. All but 4 women had their basal body temperature phase shift normalize (a sign of normalizing ovulatory function) and 2 became pregnant within 3 months. A randomized, placebo controlled trial with 96 infertile women was carried out for 3 months in which the measured outcome was pregnancy, spontaneous menstruation in amenorrheic women, or improved luteal phase hormone profile. The vitex group had significantly more improvements in all outcomes measured against placebo. In women with luteal phase deficiencies or amenorrhea, pregnancy occurred more than twice as often in the vitex group than in the placebo group (39).

Cyclical mastalgia
As increased luteal-phase prolactin levels are thought to mediate much of the breast pain and tenderness experienced in the premenstrual phase, the use of vitex has been used clinically to treat such conditions (40). Two recent double-blind controlled studies were reported, one with 100 patients (41) and one with 120 patients (42). Each showed that the vitex group had significantly less pain and shortened duration of pain. The second study showed a drop in PMS symptoms, prolactin levels, and estradiol levels in the vitex group compared to placebo. Each of these studies lasted 3 months.

Menstrual irregularities
There are numerous clinical trials on a variety of menstrual irregularities and the treatment with extracts of vitex. Perhaps the largest of these reported trials was a collection of cases from physicians (Germany) reporting the use of vitex in their practice. 2,447 women with various menstrual complaints (1,016-PMS, 734-corpus luteal insufficiencies, 320- uterine myomas, 167-menopausal symptoms) who were given vitex as treatment were included in the report. After an average 5 months of vitex treatment, the efficacy was rated at 90% with 31% of women reporting complete absence of symptoms. Of these, nearly 3% became pregnant while on vitex and only 2.3% reported side effects (1% drop-out rate due to side-effects) (43).
A similar report of an open trial with 1,592 women (average age 32) with corpus luteum insufficiency presenting as menorrhagia (484), polymenorrhea (359), amenorrhea (202), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation 186), anovulation (175), and infertility (145) was reported. Patients were assessed after an average of 6 months of treatment (44). The doctors reported a similar 90% satisfactory response with 33% of patients reporting completely free of symptoms after 6 months. Of the 145 women expressing the desire to become pregnant, 56 (39%) became pregnant during treatment.

PMS
Much of the recent therapeutic focus for vitex extracts is for the treatment of PMS. In 1997, a study was conducted to compare the use of vitex extracts with pyridoxine (B6) in the treatment of 175 women diagnosed with premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS). Since there had been several studies demonstrating the effectiveness of pyridoxine in the treatment of PMTS, the authors felt it unnecessary and unethical to use a placebo arm for this three-month study (45). The results showed that, though both treatments were capable of reducing PMTS symptoms (breast tenderness, edema, inner tension, headache, constipation and headache), the vitex treatment was rated as excellent by twice as many physicians. In the patient assessment, 50% more said their symptoms were completely absent in the vitex group (36%) than the pyridoxine group (21%).
PMS symptom relief was also the outcome of a study reporting the results of an open-label multi-center trial (46). Forty-three patients were monitored for 8 months; 2 pre-treatment baseline months, 3 treatment months, and 3 post-treatment months. Using several questionnaires, including a menstrual distress questionnaire and both a visual analog scale and global impression scale for secondary assessment, they reported a 43% drop in PMS symptoms between the 3 treatment months versus baseline. Additionally, they found that at the end of the post-treatment months (month 8) a 20% reduction of symptoms remained, when compared with the baseline months. In this study, women who were concurrently taking oral contraceptives had similar results compared to women not taking oral contraceptives.
A large multicenter open trial conducted to monitor the effectiveness and safety of using vitex extracts for PMS was recently published (47). Of the 1634 patients monitored after 3 months of treatment, 81% rated their status as very much or much better. Physicians rated the treatment good or very good with 85% of their patients. A full 94% rated the tolerability of the treatment as good or very good and only 1.2% experienced adverse events (none rated serious). Because this was not an intervention or controlled study, these numbers prove only to support the safe and general effectiveness of vitex on a wide variety of patients.
The most recent study, published early this year in The British Medical Journal, discovered similar finding using a randomized, placebo-controlled study. They reported twice as many responders (52% vs. 24%) in the active vitex group compared with placebo. Responders included those with 50% or greater drop in symptoms including irritability, mood alteration, anger, headache, breast tenderness, bloating etc. The researchers conclude that the dry extract of vitex (used in this study) was an effective, safe, and well tolerated treatment for the relief of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ( 48).

Dose
Almost all of the initial clinical trials performed with extract of Vitex agnus castus were using a liquid preparation. The dosage range was between 40-60 drops and given for at least 3 months. These dilute (1:5) extracts were also dried and used to make powders that were dosed at 175 mg per day.
More potent extracts are now being used and reported in the most recent clinical trials. These powdered extracts range from 9:1-12:1 in strength and are dosed either at 3-5 mg (equivalent to 175 mg of the 1:5 extract) (45, 47) or 20mg per day (46,48). Both dosing regimens performed positively in the clinical trials tested, although the low dose regimen studies were designed poorly and had somewhat vague outcome measurements.
At this time, several extracts are being marketed which are standardized to agnuside, aucubin or casticin. While these are excellent marker constituents and likely represent some of the active components, it is unclear from a clinical perspective exactly what standardization marker or method best characterizes the therapeutic activity. Further studies into the active components may lead us to the extract of choice. Ideally, an extract of approximately 10:1, which maintains as much of the potential active components (agnuside, aucubin and active flavonoids like casticin), dosed at 20 mg per day should have characteristically effective and safe outcomes for the conditions listed above.

Contraindications/Adverse Effects
The safety profile of vitex and its extracts is excellent. No severe side effect or allergic reaction has ever been attributed to vitex use. Mild adverse reactions may include stomach upset, nausea, itching and headache. Use of vitex with birth control pills or other hormone therapies is not recommended, although no known interactions have been reported and one study reported that no differences were seen between patients on or off oral contraceptives when treated with vitex for PMS (46). Use of vitex concomitant with dopamine-antagonist is not recommended because of the dopaminergic actions of vitex constituents.
As there is no indication during pregnancy, vitex is not recommended during pregnancy. However, as it is often used during infertility treatment, it should be noted that no known harm has been reported during any stage of pregnancy. Although historical reports of vitex as a lactagogue (breast milk stimulant) are widely circulated, this affect may only be possible at very dilute concentration when vitex may act as a dopamine antagonist rather than a dopamine agonist. Unless recommended by someone experienced in the use of vitex as a lactagogue, other remedies should be sought to stimulate milk production. One possible negative side effect of using vitex as a postpartum lactagogue is the possibility of premature return of menses, as lactational amenorrhea is often considered as one of the beneficial side effects of breast-feeding.




GENERAL REFERENCES:

Ferin M, Jewelewicz R, Warren M. The Menstrual Cycle- Physiology, Reproductive Disorders, and Infertility. 1993; Oxford University Press.


Hudson T. Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine..1999 Keats Publishing Los Angelos, CA.


Trickey R. Women, Hormones & the Menstrual Cycle- Herbal and Medical Solutions from Adolescence to Menopause.. 1998 Allen & Unwin St. Leanards NSW, Australia.


The following three monographs were extremely helpful in compiling the information about the use of Vitex agnus castus and the preparation of the mini-monograph in this review. A * beside the number in a cited reference signifies that the information from these references was translated and interpreted in one or more of these excellent monographs and subsequently reported here.


Brown DJ. Vitex agnus castus monograph. Quarterly Review of Natural Medicine, Summer 1994: 111-121.


Gardiner P. Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) The Longwood Herbal Task Force www.mcp.edu/herbal/default.htm


Institute for Natural Products Research (INPR) monographs-Vitex, found at www.naturalproducts.org





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waxingmoon
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SENIOR MEMBER More Info February 17 2008, 1:16 AM


I came across several websites with some good info:

Duration of Use
With its emphasis on long-term balancing of a woman’s hormonal system, vitex is not a fast-acting herb and is unlikely to give immediate relief to the discomfort associated with PMS. For premenstrual syndrome, frequent or heavy periods, vitex can be used continuously for four to six months. Infertile women with amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) can remain on vitex for 12 to 18 months, unless pregnancy occurs during treatment. http://www.pccnaturalmarkets.com/health/2181002/

How Vitex Works
Vitex works by stimulating the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and suppressing the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This in turn causes the corpus luteum to secrete more progesterone. Progesterone suppresses the production of prolaction. Also, vitex has components that bind to the dopamine receptor sites of the pituitary, inhibiting prolactin secretion. http://www.kellymom.com/herbal/milksuppl...rem_c.html


Safety
Vitex is a slow-acting herb. I usually recommend allowing three full cycles for the plant to really work its magic, and many women take it for up to several years. In the thousands of years that it has been in use, there are no reports of even the mildest side effects. Vitex is a safe, gentle, and effective remedy, with something to offer women in every cycle of life.
http://www.susunweed.com/Article_Vitex_RedMoonHerbs.htm


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Wahaika
(Login Wahaika)
SENIOR MEMBER Vitex Agnus Castus March 10 2008, 1:39 AM


Occasionally, postings of young women who are still in their development years appear on forums such as this one. The complete range of development is from as early as age 8 to as late as age 26. This definitely applies to all young women under the age of 18.

The purpose of this message is to show that Vitex (Chasteberry) should not be used by young women in their development years without professional medical advice from a physician.

The same could be said about all of the herbs for young women in this age range. This specific message is about Vitex.

***In the context of a young woman still in her development years...***

------------------------------------
1. Prolactin is necessary for breast development.
2. Elevated dopamine inhibits prolactin release.
3. Vitex (Chasteberry) increases dopamine, which decreases prolactin.
------------------------------------

1. ============================================
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_7615...reast.html

Completion of breast development, which occurs around 16 to 18 years old, requires the interaction of other hormones such as progesterone, prolactin, and corticosteroids.
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http://www.nccr-oncology.ch/scripts/index.aspx?idd=85

Although it is well established that the female sex hormones estrogen, progesterone and prolactin control normal development of the breast and play an important role in breast carcinogenesis, we understand very little about the mechanisms by which they exert control.
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http://www.dominican.edu/query/ncur/disp...hp?id=2054

Prolactin is a peptide hormone important in normal breast development,...
------------------------------------
http://mcp.uc.edu/index.php?level2=people&level3=609

The main hormones that appear to determine breast development are estrogen and prolactin.
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http://www.endotext.org/male/male14/ch01s04.html

Prolactin is another anterior pituitary hormone integral to breast development. Prolactin is not only secreted by the pituitary gland but may be produced in normal mammary tissue epithelial cells and breast tumors. (50, 28). Prolactin stimulates epithelial cell proliferation only in the presence of estrogen and enhances lobulo-alveolar differentiation only with concomitant progesterone.
------------------------------------
http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/M...opment.htm

At puberty, the female breast develops, under the influence of estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, prolactin, insulin and probably thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone and cortisol. This complex process typically begins between ages 8 to 14 and spans about 4 years.
------------------------------------
http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=801667

Breast development and function are initiated by a variety of hormonal stimuli, including estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, oxytocin, thyroid hormone, cortisol, and growth hormone. Estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin especially have profound trophic effects that are essential to normal breast development and function.
------------------------------------
2. ============================================
http://content.herbalgram.org/wholefoods...sp?i=41736

Recent studies (including the one described here) confirm that vitex works by inhibiting prolactin activity.

Of the 37 subjects available for assessment at the end of the study, those receiving vitex had experienced a significant reduction in prolactin response, accompanied by an average increase in luteal phase length of 5.0 days. The women reported a significant reduction in PMS symptoms and no side effects. Based on this and other research, the author traces vitex's prolactin-suppressive effects to its action on the dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. Betsy Levy
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http://www.nutritionalwellness.com/archi...1_bone.php

It now is known that chaste tree has a dopaminergic activity, which also can explain its success in treating gynecological conditions (including PMS), many of which may be related to high prolactin levels.
------------------------------------
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0...77301/pg_9

In vitro the dopamine-antagonist haloperidol counteracted this effect which confirms the assumption that Vitex contains constituents which inhibit prolactin release via interaction with the D2-subtype of the dopamine receptor.
------------------------------------
http://www.naturalstandard.com/index-abs...eberry.asp

Chasteberry has been shown to inhibit prolactin secretion by competitively binding to dopamine receptors.
------------------------------------
http://www.herbmed.org/Herbs/Herb135.htm

The prolactin-inhibiting effect of Vitex agnus-castus preparations, which is due to dopaminergic activities, has been shown in humans and gives a pharmacological rationale for the clinical effects observed in the different indications.
------------------------------------
3. ============================================
------------------------------------
http://www.ovarian-cysts-pcos.com/vitex.html

Vitex is useful for reducing high prolactin levels. It inhibits prolactin release by the pituitary gland, especially when you are under stress.
----------------------------------
http://www.bodyandfitness.com/Informatio.../vitex.htm

Vitex may also inhibit the pituitary's secretion of another hormone, prolactin. Prolactin promotes development of females' breasts, increases milk production (in response to infants' sucking), and in excessive amounts may contribute to infertility.

A few women may experience skin rashes from taking vitex but the herb's overall toxicity is low. Many women take it for three to six months at a time to balance their menstrual cycles. Vitex should not be used, however, in conjunction with birth control pills or by pregnant or lactating women.

(Young women who are still in development should be added to this list.)
------------------------------------
http://www.naturalstandard.com/index-abs...eberry.asp

Chasteberry has been shown to inhibit prolactin secretion by competitively binding to dopamine receptors. Available evidence suggests chasteberry may be an effective treatment option for hyperprolactinemic conditions, and premenstrual syndrome. Chasteberry does not appear to affect levels of leutinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone.
------------------------------------
http://www.drugs.com/npp/chaste-tree.html

Chaste tree has dopamine agonist activity and, thus, may increase activity of other dopamine agonists (eg, bromocriptine, levodopa), antagonize the effect of dopamine receptor antagonists, and interact with fertility drugs. It also may reduce the efficacy of birth control.
------------------------------------
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563338

(I found this rather interesting...)
Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) at a dose of 120 mg/day may reduce estrogen levels and increase progesterone and prolactin levels by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Higher levels also inhibit prolactin levels via D2 receptor agonist effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of chasteberry in 170 women with PMS demonstrated a 52% improvement in PMS symptoms vs 24% placebo.[31] However, other studies have shown mixed results. Caution should be exercised with the use of chasteberry in women trying to conceive or in those on a dopamine antagonist.
------------------------------------

Summary: To reiterate, natural prolactin levels are necessary for breast development. Vitex inhibits (lowers/stops) prolactin production by raising dopamine levels. Young women below the age of 26, definitely below 18, should not use Vitex. If they do, they run a very real risk of negatively impacting their own breast development and any other development that relies on prolactin and/or dopamine to be at expected levels.
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